The painting was presented to the media in 2012 by the Mona Lisa Foundation. [78][79] The real culprit was Louvre employee Vincenzo Peruggia, who had helped construct the painting's glass case. ", "In Louvre, New Room With View of 'Mona Lisa, "A Record Picasso and the Hype Price of Status Objects", "Another art anniversary: Mona Lisa comes to New York! Raphael, who had been to Leonardo's workshop several times, promptly used elements of the portrait's composition and format in several of his works, such as Young Woman with Unicorn (c. 1506),[108] and Portrait of Maddalena Doni (c. For other uses, see, Vacant wall in the Louvre's Salon Carré after the painting was stolen in 1911. Not all images are in colour, especially for the archaeological collections. The title of the painting, which is known in English as Mona Lisa, comes from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife." It has long been the best-known source of information on the provenance of the work and identity of the sitter. [57][56][69][70] Others believe that there was only one true Mona Lisa, but are divided as to the two aforementioned fates. [121] La Joconde revisitée par l'artiste MADSAKI, proche de Takashi Murakami: Une œuvre iconique modernisée. As a result, it was thought that the Mona Lisa had been trimmed. This became madonna, and its contraction mona. The Mona Lisa was not included because it is in such great demand among visitors to the museum; the painting remained on display in its gallery. [36] Cotte discovered the painting had been reworked several times, with changes made to the size of the Mona Lisa's face and the direction of her gaze. [31], The painting was one of the first portraits to depict the sitter in front of an imaginary landscape, and Leonardo was one of the first painters to use aerial perspective. It holds the Guinness World Record for the highest known insurance valuation in history at US$100 million in 1962[11] (equivalent to $660 million in 2019). [80] He carried out the theft by entering the building during regular hours, hiding in a broom closet, and walking out with the painting hidden under his coat after the museum had closed. It was acquired by King Francis I of France and is now the property of the French Republic itself, on permanent display at the Louvre, Paris since 1797.[10]. Pour donner un effet vaporeux à sa toile, le peintre a utilisé une technique nommée sfumato, consistant à appliquer plusieurs couches … "[134], A version of Mona Lisa known as Mujer de mano de Leonardo Abince ("Woman by Leonardo da Vinci's hand") held in Madrid's Museo del Prado was for centuries considered to be a work by Leonardo. Il vit de contrats que les plus grands lui passent. [74] Zollner gives a date of c. 1504, most others say c. 1506, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla, National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, "The Mona Lisa's Twin Painting Discovered", "The Theft That Made Mona Lisa a Masterpiece", "Mona Lisa – Portrait of Lisa Gherardini, wife of Francesco del Giocondo", "Mona Lisa – Heidelberger find clarifies identity", "Highest insurance valuation for a painting", "Mona Lisa – Heidelberg discovery confirms identity", "German experts crack the ID of 'Mona Lisa, "Riddle of Mona Lisa is finally solved: she was the mother of five", "Mona Lisa backdrop depicts Italian town of Bobbio, claims art historian", "Leonardo's Portrait of Mona Lisa del Giocondo", "Solved: Why Mona Lisa doesn't have eyebrows", "Lurking Beneath the 'Mona Lisa' May Be the Real One", "BBC NEWS – Entertainment – Mona Lisa smile secrets revealed", "Researchers identify landscape behind the Mona Lisa", "Da Vinci 'paralysis left Mona Lisa unfinished, "A Portrait of Leonardo da Vinci May Reveal Why He Never Finished the Mona Lisa", "Leonardo da Vinci never finished the Mona Lisa because he injured his arm while fainting, experts say", "Mona Lisa: A comparative evaluation of the different versions and copies", "Leonardo da Vinci's portrait of Mona Lisa de Giocondo", "The Theft That Made The 'Mona Lisa' A Masterpiece", "The French Burglar Who Pulled Off His Generation's Biggest Art Heist", "Top 25 Crimes of the Century: Stealing the Mona Lisa, 1911", "Review: The Lost Mona Lisa: The Extraordinary True Story of the Greatest Art Theft in History by RA Scotti", "100 Years Ago: The Mastermind Behind the Mona Lisa Heist | The Saturday Evening Post", "Russian tourist hurls mug at Mona Lisa in Louvre", "Will new Mona Lisa queuing system in restored Louvre gallery bring a smile back to visitors' faces? En effet, Léonard, invité à la cour de François Ier en 1517, l’emporte sans doute avec lui en France où il meurt deux ans plus tard au Clos Lucé, à Amboise. A small number of the best known objects have a prose commentary. [28] Zöllner notes that the sitter's general position can be traced back to Flemish models and that "in particular the vertical slices of columns at both sides of the panel had precedents in Flemish portraiture. However, since its restoration in 2012, it is considered to have been executed by one of Leonardo's pupils in his studio at the same time as Mona Lisa was being painted. [63], In 1977, a new insect infestation was discovered in the back of the panel as a result of crosspieces installed to keep the painting from warping. [124], The 1911 theft of the Mona Lisa and its subsequent return was reported worldwide, leading to a massive increase in public recognition of the painting. Histoire des arts : Léonard de Vinci/La Joconde La Joconde – Léonard de Vinci ( 1503 – 1506 ) Artiste : La Joconde a été réalisée par Léonard De Vinci entre 1503 et 1506. Raphael's Young Woman with Unicorn, c. 1506, Raphael's Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (c. 1514–15), Le rire (The Laugh) by Eugène Bataille, or Sapeck (1883), Jean Metzinger, 1911, Le goûter (Tea Time), oil on canvas, 75.9 x 70.2 cm, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Marguerite Agniel "As Mona Lisa" by Robert Henri, c. 1929, Today the Mona Lisa is considered the most famous painting in the world, but until the 20th century it was simply one among many highly regarded artworks. [116] According to Rhonda R. Shearer, the apparent reproduction is in fact a copy partly modelled on Duchamp's own face.[117]. Originally just for objects from the fine arts and decorative arts, in 2004 Joconde was united with what had been separate databases for objects from archeology and ethnology. Once part of King Francis I of France's collection, the Mona Lisa was among the first artworks to be exhibited in the Louvre, which became a national museum after the French Revolution. It is displayed in a purpose-built, climate-controlled enclosure behind bulletproof glass. Statut juridique. L’histoire mentionne qu’un portrait féminin était avec l’artiste et scientifique italien lors de son séjour au château du Clos Lucé (également appelé manoir du Cloux) à côté d’Amboise (château de la Loire). [137][138][139] However, a more recent report has demonstrated that this stereoscopic pair in fact gives no reliable stereoscopic depth. [63], The first and most extensive recorded cleaning, revarnishing, and touch-up of the Mona Lisa was an 1809 wash and revarnishing undertaken by Jean-Marie Hooghstoel, who was responsible for restoration of paintings for the galleries of the Musée Napoléon. [122] The Baedeker guide in 1878 called it "the most celebrated work of Leonardo in the Louvre",[123] but the painting was known more by the intelligentsia than the general public. [63] In view of this, Vincent Delieuvin, curator of 16th-century Italian painting at the Louvre, states that the sketch and these other copies must have been inspired by another version,[64] while Zöllner states that the sketch may be after another Leonardo portrait of the same subject. [135] The Prado's conclusion that the painting is probably by Salaì (1480–1524) or by Melzi (1493–1572) has been called into question by others. Léonard de Vinci peint le portrait de Mona Lisa ou La Joconde au début du XVIe siècle (entre 1503 et 1506 ou une dizaine d'année plus tard selon les historiens). Salon carré du Louvre en 1909. In 1919, Marcel Duchamp, one of the most influential modern artists, created L.H.O.O.Q., a Mona Lisa parody made by adorning a cheap reproduction with a moustache and goatee. ", "New proof said found for "original" Mona Lisa –", "Mona Lisa: A Comparative Evaluation of the Different Versions and Their Copies", Conservation Science in Cultural Heritage, "Computer Studies of the Isleworth and Louvre Mona Lisas", Scientific analyses conducted by the Center for Research and Restoration of the Museums of France (C2RMF), Madonna and Child with the Infant Saint John the Baptist, The Virgin and Child with Saint Anne and Saint John the Baptist, Museo Nazionale Scienza e Tecnologia Leonardo da Vinci (Milan), Land grant to Marduk-apla-iddina I by Meli-Shipak II, Statue of the Tiber river with Romulus and Remus, Vulcan Presenting Venus with Arms for Aeneas, The Attributes of Civilian and Military Music, The Attributes of Music, the Arts and the Sciences, The Lictors Bring to Brutus the Bodies of His Sons, Coresus Sacrificing Himself to Save Callirhoe, Bonaparte Visiting the Plague Victims of Jaffa, Don Pedro of Toledo Kissing Henry IV's Sword, Joan of Arc at the Coronation of Charles VII, Portrait of Madame Marcotte de Sainte-Marie, Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta Appraised by Dante and Virgil, Madonna and Child with Saint Peter and Saint Sebastian, Venus and the Three Graces Presenting Gifts to a Young Woman, A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts, Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page, The Doge on the Bucintoro near the Riva di Sant'Elena, Holy Family with the Family of St John the Baptist, Saints Bernardino of Siena and Louis of Toulouse, Madonna and Child with St John the Baptist and St Catherine of Alexandria, Madonna and Child with St Rose and St Catherine, Portrait of Sigismondo Pandolfo Malatesta, Portrait of Doña Isabel de Requesens y Enríquez de Cardona-Anglesola, Crucifixion with the Virgin Mary, St John and St Mary Magdalene, The Archangel Raphael Leaving Tobias' Family, Pendant portraits of Marten Soolmans and Oopjen Coppit, Ixion, King of the Lapiths, Deceived by Juno, Who He Wished to Seduce, The Virgin and Child Surrounded by the Holy Innocents, Francis I, Charles V and the Duchess of Étampes, Street Scene near the El Ghouri Mosque in Cairo, Christopher Columbus Before the Council of Salamanca, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mona_Lisa&oldid=997344774, Paintings of the Louvre by Italian artists, Articles containing Italian-language text, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2019, Articles with dead external links from June 2016, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox artwork with the material parameter, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2014, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2016, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown, Wikipedia articles with Joconde identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 02:21. 1906. Aujourd'hui, 2008 la Joconde se trouve dans une salle rénovée au Louvre ou elle fait face au tableau de Véronèse " Les noces de Cana ". Dated October 1503, the note was written by Leonardo's contemporary Agostino Vespucci. [89] A new queuing system introduced in 2019 reduces the amount of time museum visitors have to wait in line to see the painting. À propos de la notice. [25][26][27] The consensus of art historians in the 21st century maintains the long-held traditional opinion that the painting depicts Lisa del Giocondo. [45] Although the Louvre states that it was "doubtless painted between 1503 and 1506",[8] art historian Martin Kemp says that there are some difficulties in confirming the dates with certainty. Mona in Italian is a polite form of address originating as ma donna – similar to Ma'am, Madam, or my lady in English. During the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871), the painting was moved from the Louvre to the Brest Arsenal. "[111][112] Jean Metzinger's Le goûter (Tea Time) was exhibited at the 1911 Salon d'Automne and was sarcastically described as "la Joconde à la cuiller" (Mona Lisa with a spoon) by art critic Louis Vauxcelles on the front page of Gil Blas. Zollner states that "None of Leonardo's works would exert more influence upon the evolution of the genre than the Mona Lisa. Localisation. Il est 7 heure du matin, nous sommes le lundi 21 août 1911. For example, Leonardo probably painted his model faithfully since her beauty is not seen as being among the best, "even when measured by late quattrocento (15th century) or even twenty-first century standards. [141] It is a painting of the same subject as Leonardo da Vinci's Mona Lisa. The humidity is maintained at 50% ±10%, and the temperature is maintained between 18 and 21 °C. Ce portrait de Mona Lisa, épouse de Francesco del Giocondo, est devenu célèbre lorsqu'il fut volé en 1911 par un menuisier italien. Leonardo's assistant Salaì, at his death in 1524, owned a portrait which in his personal papers was named la Gioconda, a painting bequeathed to him by Leonardo. In the mid-18th century to early 19th century, two butterfly-shaped walnut braces were inserted into the back of the panel to a depth of about one third the thickness of the panel. [131] Former director Henri Loyrette reckoned that "80 percent of the people only want to see the Mona Lisa. [14][15] It is believed by some that the Mona Lisa was begun in 1503 or 1504 in Florence. Avec "La Joconde", j’étais persuadé que ce n’était pas possible car elle a les bras pliés contrairement aux Playmobil. Both Vasari and Gian Paolo Lomazzo describe the subject as smiling,[12][95] unlike the subject in Cotte's supposed portrait. 1506). [105], On the 500th anniversary of the master's death, the Louvre held the largest ever single exhibit of Da Vinci works, from 24 October 2019 to 24 February 2020. He did so with such force that it shattered the glass case and dislodged a speck of pigment near the left elbow. La Joconde a été achetée par François I er en 1518 à l'héritier de Léonard de Vinci. Forger Yves Chaudron was to have created six copies of the painting to sell in the US while concealing the location of the original. [62], The record of an October 1517 visit by Louis d'Aragon states that the Mona Lisa was executed for the deceased Giuliano de' Medici, Leonardo's steward at the Belvedere Palace between 1513 and 1516[65][66][b]—but this was likely an error. C’est la lumière qui définit les volumes, les contours sont estompés, la peinture est recouverte de glacis colorés qui vitrifient le tableau. Le 16 octobre, la Joconde devrait regagner ses pénates, juste avant l’ouverture, le 24, de la grande exposition consacrée à Léonard, qui promet encore une affluence record. analyse d'un tableau : la Joconde . "[109], Early commentators such as Vasari and André Félibien praised the picture for its realism, but by the Victorian era, writers began to regard the Mona Lisa as imbued with a sense of mystery and romance. Walter Pater's famous essay of 1869 described the sitter as "older than the rocks among which she sits; like the vampire, she has been dead many times, and learned the secrets of the grave; and has been a diver in the deep seas, and keeps their fallen day about her. Accrochée dans le Salon Carré du Louvre, elle connaissait déjà un certain succès, protégée par un verre inséré dans le cadre. Date de création 1930. During the 20th century it was an object for mass reproduction, merchandising, lampooning and speculation, and was claimed to have been reproduced in "300 paintings and 2,000 advertisements". Il est d’usage de parler de la Joconde comme d’une œuvre que Léonard de Vinciinvité par le roi François Ier aurait amenée avec lui en France. La Joconde. [123] The Mona Lisa was regarded as "just another Leonardo until early last century, when the scandal of the painting's theft from the Louvre and subsequent return kept a spotlight on it over several years. [119] The French urban artist known pseudonymously as Invader has created versions of the Mona Lisa on city walls in Paris and Tokyo using a mosaic style. The title of the painting, though traditionally spelled Mona (as used by Vasari),[12] is also commonly spelled in modern Italian as Monna Lisa (mona being a vulgarity in some Italian dialects), but this is rare in English. Il a alors acquis une grande réputation. In 1883, Le rire, an image of a Mona Lisa smoking a pipe, by Sapeck (Eugène Bataille), was shown at the "Incoherents" show in Paris. [54][57][56][69] The hypothetical first portrait, displaying prominent columns, would have been commissioned by Giocondo circa 1503, and left unfinished in Leonardo's pupil and assistant Salaì's possession until his death in 1524. Some argued that Lisa del Giocondo was the subject of a different portrait, identifying at least four other paintings as the Mona Lisa referred to by Vasari. [133], In 2014, a France 24 article suggested that the painting could be sold to help ease the national debt, although it was noted that the Mona Lisa and other such art works were prohibited from being sold due to French heritage law, which states that "Collections held in museums that belong to public bodies are considered public property and cannot be otherwise. [75], In 1911, the painting was still not popular among the lay-public. [111] Upon the painting's theft in 1911, Renaissance historian Bernard Berenson admitted that it had "simply become an incubus, and [he] was glad to be rid of her. To compensate for fluctuations in relative humidity, the case is supplemented with a bed of silica gel treated to provide 55% relative humidity. Rennes ; musée des beaux-arts. "[63] It has never been fully restored,[97] so the current condition is partly due to a variety of conservation treatments the painting has undergone. [85] [120] A 2014 New Yorker magazine cartoon parodies the supposed enigma of the Mona Lisa smile in an animation showing progressively more maniacal smiles. Le voleur est un vitrier italien qui avait travaillé au Louvre lors de l'encadrement du tableau. [22] Isabella of Aragon,[23] Cecilia Gallerani,[24] Costanza d'Avalos, Duchess of Francavilla,[22] Isabella d'Este, Pacifica Brandano or Brandino, Isabela Gualanda, Caterina Sforza, Bianca Giovanna Sforza—even Salaì and Leonardo himself—are all among the list of posited models portrayed in the painting. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joconde&oldid=996373560, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 26 December 2020, at 05:14. [18] The painting is thought to have been commissioned for their new home, and to celebrate the birth of their second son, Andrea. Joconde is the central database created in 1975 and now available online, maintained by the French Ministry of Culture, for objects in the collections of the main French public and private museums listed as Musées de France, according to article L. 441-1 of the Code du patrimoine amouting to more than 1,200 institutions. Both were later exonerated. "[38] Some art historians in Eastern art, such as Yukio Yashiro, argue that the landscape in the background of the picture was influenced by Chinese paintings,[39] but this thesis has been contested for lack of clear evidence. [48] Leonardo's right hand was paralytic circa 1517,[49] which may indicate why he left the Mona Lisa unfinished. And she's almost drowned in a sprinkler malfunction", "The Louvre, the most visited museum in the world (01.15)", "Culture – Could France sell the Mona Lisa to pay off its debts? In 2004–05, a conservation and study team replaced the maple crosspieces with sycamore ones, and an additional metal crosspiece was added for scientific measurement of the panel's warp. [21] Several other women have been proposed as the subject of the painting. La Joconde, la plus célèbre oeuvre de Léonard de Vinci Léonard de Vinci (1452 – 1519) commence ce portrait de Mona Lisa à son retour à Florence peu après la chute de la famille Sforza à Milan, ses anciens protecteurs. [106][107], The Mona Lisa began influencing contemporary Florentine painting even before its completion. Unfortunately, we cannot be absolutely certain that this portrait of Lisa del Giocondo is the painting of the Louvre."[15]. [76] On 21 August 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre. [28] The woman sits markedly upright in a "pozzetto" armchair with her arms folded, a sign of her reserved posture. Subsequently, on 21 April 1974, while the painting was on display at the Tokyo National Museum, a woman sprayed it with red paint as a protest against that museum's failure to provide access for disabled people. Propriété de la commune, legs, Rennes, musée des Beaux-Arts. Le modèle qui a servi est inconnu, peut-être une Florentine, une femme de marchand, Lisa del Giocondo, née Lisa Gherardini, surnommée Mona Lisa. [3] It was kept at the Palace of Fontainebleau until Louis XIV moved it to the Palace of Versailles, where it remained until the French Revolution. [77] The painting was first missed the next day by painter Louis Béroud. S'il y a bien une toile de maître incontournable au Louvre, c'est la Joconde, l'œuvre la plus célèbre en peinture de même que Les Esclaves de Michel-Ange peuvent l'être en sculpture. It had been believed to have been painted between 1503 and 1506; however, Leonardo may have continued working on it as late as 1517. On 30 December 1956, Bolivian Ugo Ungaza Villegas threw a rock at the Mona Lisa while it was on display at the Louvre. In 1859, Théophile Gautier wrote that the Mona Lisa was a "sphinx of beauty who smiles so mysteriously" and that "Beneath the form expressed one feels a thought that is vague, infinite, inexpressible. [96], The Mona Lisa has survived for more than 500 years, and an international commission convened in 1952 noted that "the picture is in a remarkable state of preservation. Peruggia may have been motivated by an associate whose copies of the original would significantly rise in value after the painting's theft. [113] André Salmon subsequently described the painting as "The Mona Lisa of Cubism". In 1906, Louvre restorer Eugène Denizard performed watercolour retouches on areas of the paint layer disturbed by the crack in the panel. This intervention was skilfully executed, and successfully stabilized the crack. [81] Decker published this account of the theft in 1932.[83]. One is moved, troubled ... repressed desires, hopes that drive one to despair, stir painfully." Leonardo, later in his life, is said to have regretted "never having completed a single work". Vasari's account of the Mona Lisa comes from his biography of Leonardo published in 1550, 31 years after the artist's death. [citation needed]. Le groupe Joconde a été fondé en 1980 par Madame Boukhris Zeineb la doyenne de l’enseignement privé en Tunisie avec une longue expérience éducative de plus que 35 ans. Copie de la Joconde de Léonard de Vinci, conservée au musée du Louvre. Qui est donc Mona Lisa ? "Possibly it was another portrait of which no record and no copies exist—Giuliano de' Medici surely had nothing to do with the. This note likens Leonardo to renowned Greek painter Apelles, who is mentioned in the text, and states that Leonardo was at that time working on a painting of Lisa del Giocondo. "[123] While exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of Art, the painting was nearly drenched in water because of a faulty sprinkler, but the painting's bullet-proof glass case protected it. The edges of the painting have been trimmed at least once in its history to fit the picture into various frames, but no part of the original paint layer has been trimmed. The work involved cleaning with spirits, touch-up of colour, and revarnishing the painting. La Joconde Nue, un dessin conservé au musée Condé de Chantilly, a été présenté par certains comme un double de La Joconde, de Leonard de Vinci, mais rien ne le confirme. Son plus célèbre tableau, le portrait de Mona Lisa, a été réalisé en superposant plusieurs couches de peinture, reproduisant le modelé et le rendu de la peau avec un réalisme incroyable. heydenrich 6 ; ottino della chiesa 31 ; villot i 484 ; hautecoeur 1601 ; c.s.i. [102] Since 2005 the painting has been illuminated by an LED lamp, and in 2013 a new 20 watt LED lamp was installed, specially designed for this painting. About this we are now certain. A later restorer glued and lined the resulting socket and crack with cloth. A detailed analysis in 1933 by Madame de Gironde revealed that earlier restorers had "acted with a great deal of restraint. Dimensions 61,5 x 49,5 cm Impression : 48 x 33 cm. [86] On 2 August 2009, a Russian woman, distraught over being denied French citizenship, threw a ceramic teacup purchased at the Louvre; the vessel shattered against the glass enclosure. The listing details are highly structured, using a special vocabulary, which allows for very specific and accurate searches, helped as well by the index. The title of the painting, which is known in English as Mona Lisa, comes from a description by Renaissance art historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote "Leonardo undertook to paint, for Francesco del Giocondo, the portrait of Mona Lisa, his wife. [54] Later paintings by Raphael, such as La velata (1515–16) and Portrait of Baldassare Castiglione (c. 1514–15), continued to borrow from Leonardo's painting.

Cours Système D'information Pdf, Adaptateur Bluetooth Nintendo Switch, La Palmeraie Réunion, Parking Esplanade Liège, Levitating - Dua Lipa Traduction, Mac Val Adresse, Itinéraire à Pied Dans Rome, Vigueur 7 Lettres,